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Executive
Summary
The
concept of systematic planning and designing of markets is relatively a
new one in the context of massive development programmes witnessed in
many states. It is now
well-accepted fact that investment in development of individual markets,
selected on adhoc basis, has not produced optimum returns.
The emphasis on having a total look at the development
requirement of the markets in a state as a whole and then placing them
in an order of priority, the most needed market getting first attention,
is a need of the hour. Financing institutions both national and international level
also prefer to look at investment needs for market development within
the framework of a state master plan rather then projects for individual
markets selected in isolation.
As the markets are cardinal
links they play a vital role in the agricultural economy of the country.
Bulk of the marketable surplus passes through the physical
markets and present indications are that this situation will continue in
the years to come. As no
market functions in isolation, isolated markets, taken up for
development may not be individually important but being collectively
inter-lined make a significant contribution of a given commodity or a
group of commodities.
The institute prepared the
plan as a bankable document with a wholistic view of the state assessing
the development requirements, phasing out of the programme, indicating
order of priority for development, working out land use pattern,
estimating space requirement, framing cost estimates, calculating IRR
and recommending modernization proposals for markets with strengthening
legal and conceptual frame work. The
plan runs into thirteen chapters with a support of numerous annexures,
comprising of important information and its value addition.
109 daily markets of the state
have been analysed and categorized as (a) markets needing full scale
development and (b) markets needing partial development, based on level
of present arrival and projected arrival at 2018 AD.
Markets then, have been classified in different groups. Main markets as well as sub-yards attached have been
considered for planning purpose. Primary
data for 109 markets was collected
and results analyzed. Salient
features of findings are as under: - ·
The
total quantum of arrival handled by 109 markets of Chhatisgarh during
1998-99 works out to be 43 lakh MT.
Projected arrival for 2018-19 (using linear growth rate) has been
computed at 145 lakhMT. (An increase of more then three times). ·
Around
28 markets of Chhatisgarh (called as ‘A’ category markets)
are dealing in arrivals of more than 37 lakh MT annually. These markets handle around 86% of the total trade of the
state. Rest of 24% produce
is traded through other markets jointly.
Although, in smaller
(category D) there are 45 markets in the state but handle only 1.4 lakh
MT throughput.
These small markets may not be viable in terms of collection of
market fees as the reported arrival is meager but they have their own
role in establishing linkages between rural and urban markets. ·
Similarly, B and C category
markets which can be termed as medium and semi-urban markets, and are 18
and 18 in numbers constituting 16% of total handle 3.7 and 1.9 lakh MT
of total state arrival, respectively.
This shows that larger markets handled more produce.
Though, smaller and rural markets may not contribute much in
total arrival terms but each market works as a nerve center in
establishing cardinal links. ·
Total
picture of bifurcated reported arrival for 1998-99 and among various
identified categories of markets has also been presented.
State arrival for the year 1998-99 which works out to be 43 lakh
MT This shows that major markets have definitely larger role to play as
these are mostly situated around the consuming places.
But it does not confirm the hypothesis that the major produce is
not handled by small markets. In
facts, most of ‘A’ category markets are transit and secondary
markets where primary produce is not brought by the farmers but by
second merchants and in big volumes. Small category markets i.e. C and D collect the produce at
the grassroots level and send it back to big ‘A’ category markets.
Therefore, each market is dependent on another and establish
supplementary cardinal links between them.
·
Around
97.5%% of the produce arrived in total is further dispatched to the
consuming or assembly markets of the same district while 9.5% is
dispatched to other markets of the state and outside the district.
A negligible volume of dispatches is traded for outside the state
markets. This infers that
the downstream service index of the market is not quite high.
·
Arrivals
in the markets of Chhatisgarh have been projected for the year 2003,
2008 and 2018 for mid evaluation of performance.
Projection beyond 2018 is not considered desirable.
Past experience shows that market needs are difficult to foresee
beyond say 15-20 years as changes that are likely to occur in the
marketing systems and procedures due to technological developments in
the field of produce handling, preparation, handling, packaging, storage
transportation etc., all influence the needs of markets.
There is then danger of part utilization of the facilities or
unutilized. Growth rates
calculated for individual markets and projections made thereof are given
in the report. ·
Growth
rates of arrival in case of ‘B’ category markets have been reported
to be highest i.e. 3.69% ‘A’
category markets could attain third position with 3.49%.
Similarly, C and D
category of markets have obtained 3.66 and 3.37 of percentage change,
respectively. ·
Total space requirement of State
works out to be 10 lakh sq meters.
Raipur division would require highest area of 5.9 lakh sq. mts.
while Bilaspurl division will require 3.3 lakh sq. mt. of area.
Requirement of space for Bastar division has been worked out to
be 81512 sq. mt. ·
On
an average one market of Chhatisgarh would require 38431 sq. mt. of
space for its proper development. Among
various categories, ‘A’ category of market would require average
16372 sq m of area while, ‘C’ category of markets will need on an
average of 7628 sq. mt. of space. Total area required for the state (10 lakh sq. mt.) is
constituted 40% by ‘A’ category markets only. ·
State
as a whole, on an average, would need 38431 sq. mt. of space for the
development of 109 markets, the area is supposed to be sufficient for
all the activities like marketing, allied activities and parking &
circulation etc. Utilization
of space largely depends on utilization of pattern followed in a market.
A suggestive pattern of the same has been provided in the report.
‘A’ category markets, 4.58 lakh
sq mt. of space is
required for marketing activities, 1.1 lakh and 45842 sq mt. for allied
services and circulation & parking, respectively.
If the space is utilized as recommended above, it is expected
that there would be minimum mis-utilisation of space and maximum
efficiency in using the facilities created in the market.
A common feature, which has been observed in most of the markets,
is of either congestion or the trade not being shifted.
If the pattern recommended is followed it would solve most of the
problem and would bring marketing efficiency in the system. ·
It
has been observed that major modes of transport used in carrying and
dispatching the produce from/to the markets are trucks, mini trucks
(including other motorized vehicles) animal carts, rickshaws, bicycles
and head loads. However,
their uses distinctly differ in different kinds of markets.
Major markets of the state record entry of less than 50 trucks on
a normal market day. Regarding
means of transport to carry the agricultural producers-cum-sellers from
nearby places themselves carry their small consignment on head and
bicycles also. In markets
of category B, C and D, small trucks and other types of light commercial
vehicles are used in addition to head loads and trucks.
In very large markets, though, all types of vehicles including
head loads are put to service for carrying the goods but most important
mode is truck. Major means
of transport are generally hired by a group of sellers jointly depending
upon the volume of produce and the destination. ·
Animal
carts are important mode of transportation in rural areas of Chhatisgarh.
Out of the total responding 28 markets of ‘A’ category of
main yards, there (98%) having entry of less than 50 animal carts a day.
No market in the state has been reported receiving/dispatching
produce through more than 150 animal carts a day.
Only of this category record entry of animal carts more than 100.
This shows that there is still acceptance of animal carts in the
markets, which warrants for rural facility
up gradation, accordingly. Therefore,
animal cart parking places, animal sheds and water troughs are important
facilities, which can be provided in the markets.
In the plan, this aspect has been properly taken care of. Accordingly, parking and circulation area has been increased. ·
The
identification and provision of various need based physical
infrastructure in a market is a tricky issue.
For this purpose the user population needs to be calculated
first. The visitor
population will include traders, producers, middlemen and above all
consumers. The other
process of calculating the user population is the empirical formula
arrived at by FAO experts, who recommended a factor of 3.70
persons/tones/day. ·
The
unit rate of each item, reflecting the current cost structure prevailing
in the State has been given. The
DSR of the department of PWD and B and R of Chhatisgarh was used to
arrive at cost estimates. Due considerations have been given for leveling of the land,
site clearance, etc. The
plan speaks of 109 development proposals spreading over the state
costing of Rs.55.07 crore in total of which Rs.34 crore is required for
full development of markets while 23.6 crore is required for partial
development of markets. · Item wise share in total estimated cost of the project in the state depicts that 60.78% of the total cost goes to building and roads while modernization would require 35% of the total cost. Almost equal amount of 5% of total would be spent on essential services and contingencies of the project. Total Cost on full development and partial is estimated at Rs.34 and 23.6 crore, respectively. |